Though it is easy to predict the usual etiology of common complaints, we need to be able to exclude life-threatening causes of symptoms. In law, we are innocent until proven guilty. In medicine, we are required to prove certain diseases are not occurring; we are, in a sense, guilty until proven innocent: A 50-year-old man with chest pain and diaphoresis has an MI until proven otherwise. A 22-year-old woman with lower abdominal pain has an …
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