Journal of Urgent Care Medicine

Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Leads to Increase in Adverse Events: FDA

Health officials are raising concern about easily obtained products that have names such as Cosmic Gas and Whip-It! The products are sold in neighborhood retail and convenience stores and might include attractive flavors like strawberry or watermelon. What’s troubling is that they contain nitrous oxide—which when inhaled can result in a variety of adverse health effects, ranging from lightheadedness to paralysis to death. Last week, the Food and Drug Administration posted a consumer warning about …

Probiotics Might Help Reduce Fever For Kids With Respiratory Infection

A small randomized controlled trial in Italy found that probiotics may help children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). From November 19, 2021, to June 20, 2023, 128 children who presented with a fever and URTI were randomized to receive a daily single dose of a probiotic mixture containing Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus or a daily dose of placebo for 14 days. As published in JAMA Network Open, researchers found the median …

Some Links Found Between NSAIDs and Dementia Risk

Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with a 12% lower risk of dementia, although cumulative dose did not affect this risk, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Short-term NSAID use (less than 24 months) was linked to a slightly increased dementia risk. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to anti-inflammatory medication—rather than high doses—may help reduce dementia risk. Researchers propose that inflammation plays a role …

Partner Treatment Improves Outcomes For Bacterial Vaginosis

An Australian randomized controlled trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that treating the male sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) significantly lowered the recurrence rate of the infection. The study showed that only 35% of women experienced a recurrence when both they and their male partners received treatment, compared to 63% of women who were treated alone without partner treatment. Recurrence rates were 1.6 per person-year in the partner-treatment …

Knee Osteoarthritis Especially Burdensome as Prevalence Increases

A global study published in BMJ Global analyzed the burden of osteoarthritis (OA) among postmenopausal women from 1990 to 2021 and found a significant increase in OA incidence (133.1%), prevalence (139.8%), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (141.9%) over the study period. Knee OA was identified as the most burdensome type of OA, while hip OA had the least impact. The results showed that OA disproportionately affects high socio-demographic regions. In the data, high body mass …

Several Children Who Died From Flu Also Had Encephalopathy

Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently reported that 13% of U.S. children who died from the flu this season had influenza-associated encephalopathy or encephalitis (IAE). Among them, 4 had acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), the most severe form, which can cause brain dysfunction and inflammation. As of February 8, CDC confirmed 68 pediatric flu deaths, including 9 with IAE. More than half of the children with fatal IAE had no underlying …

Doxy PEP Demonstrates Real-World Effectiveness

A study of 2,083 patients found that doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxy PEP) was highly effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a real-world setting. Conducted from April 2019 to July 2024 at the Los Angeles LGBT Center, the study analyzed patient demographics, STI testing history, and doxy PEP use patterns. Nearly half of participants were aged 31–40, over half were White, and most (85.2%) were gay or bisexual men. Most were not diagnosed with …

Fresh Flu Numbers Show Upward Trend — Possibly Still Short of the Seasonal Peak

Flu activity surged in the United States during the final week of January with healthcare visits for respiratory virus symptoms reaching a notably high level, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Flu test positivity rose to 31.6%, and outpatient visits for flu-like illness climbed to 7.8%, staying above the national baseline for the 10th consecutive week. Flu activity remains high or very high across most of the country. The CDC estimates …

Evidence Favors NSAIDs For Pediatric Acute Pain

A meta-analysis of 41 randomized clinical trials found that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were as effective as ketamine and high-potency opioids for treating pediatric acute pain, while having fewer risks (N=4,935; median age 9.7 years). Researchers found all 3 drug categories outperformed placebo in treating that pain with at least moderate certainty. In the study, presented in JAMA Pediatrics, the reduction in pain severity was “modest” overall. Only NSAIDs reduced the need for rescue medication …

Oseltamivir Can Reduce Flu Deaths Even With a Late Start

Seniors age 65 years and older can experience a significant reduction in mortality risk when treated with the antiviral drug oseltamivir during influenza hospitalizations, even if they were not vaccinated for flu, according to research involving 8,135 influenza patients that was published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases. Patients who were given oseltamivir had an 18% lower risk of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 0.98). The overall mortality ratio …

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