Journal of Urgent Care Medicine

One-Fourth of Patients Prescribed Rx Stimulants Misuse Them

A cross-sectional study recently published in JAMA Psychiatry sums up the prevalence of prescription stimulant use disorder (PSUD) among U.S. adults. Using national data, researchers found that 25.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.8%-26.8%) of adults using prescription stimulants reported misuse, and 9.0% (95% CI, 8.0%-10.0%) had PSUD as measured by DSM-5 criteria. Misuse and PSUD were significantly more prevalent among those prescribed amphetamines compared to methylphenidate. The study also identified demographic trends, with the largest …

What Helps Low Back Pain? Not Much.

Back pain seems to trouble a significant percentage of adults, inspiring some to seek medical treatment and options for pain relief. But a new study in BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine suggests that most non-surgical interventions have little or no effect on acute or chronic low back pain. Researchers considered 10 treatments compared with placebo and found that in the 301 trials studied, 90% of treatments were not efficacious and are unlikely to be suitable treatment options …

Cannabis Use Increases Myocardial Infarction Risk

There is an association between cannabis use and cardiovascular risks, particularly myocardial infarction (MI), in relatively healthy populations under 50 years old, according to a retrospective cohort study in preprint from JACC: Advances. Analyzing data from 4.6 million adults over 5 years, the study found that cannabis users had a significantly higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared to non-users. Key findings include a sixfold increase in the risk of MI among cannabis users (absolute …

Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Leads to Increase in Adverse Events: FDA

Health officials are raising concern about easily obtained products that have names such as Cosmic Gas and Whip-It! The products are sold in neighborhood retail and convenience stores and might include attractive flavors like strawberry or watermelon. What’s troubling is that they contain nitrous oxide—which when inhaled can result in a variety of adverse health effects, ranging from lightheadedness to paralysis to death. Last week, the Food and Drug Administration posted a consumer warning about …

Probiotics Might Help Reduce Fever For Kids With Respiratory Infection

A small randomized controlled trial in Italy found that probiotics may help children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). From November 19, 2021, to June 20, 2023, 128 children who presented with a fever and URTI were randomized to receive a daily single dose of a probiotic mixture containing Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus or a daily dose of placebo for 14 days. As published in JAMA Network Open, researchers found the median …

Some Links Found Between NSAIDs and Dementia Risk

Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with a 12% lower risk of dementia, although cumulative dose did not affect this risk, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Short-term NSAID use (less than 24 months) was linked to a slightly increased dementia risk. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to anti-inflammatory medication—rather than high doses—may help reduce dementia risk. Researchers propose that inflammation plays a role …

Partner Treatment Improves Outcomes For Bacterial Vaginosis

An Australian randomized controlled trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that treating the male sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) significantly lowered the recurrence rate of the infection. The study showed that only 35% of women experienced a recurrence when both they and their male partners received treatment, compared to 63% of women who were treated alone without partner treatment. Recurrence rates were 1.6 per person-year in the partner-treatment …

Knee Osteoarthritis Especially Burdensome as Prevalence Increases

A global study published in BMJ Global analyzed the burden of osteoarthritis (OA) among postmenopausal women from 1990 to 2021 and found a significant increase in OA incidence (133.1%), prevalence (139.8%), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (141.9%) over the study period. Knee OA was identified as the most burdensome type of OA, while hip OA had the least impact. The results showed that OA disproportionately affects high socio-demographic regions. In the data, high body mass …

Several Children Who Died From Flu Also Had Encephalopathy

Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently reported that 13% of U.S. children who died from the flu this season had influenza-associated encephalopathy or encephalitis (IAE). Among them, 4 had acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), the most severe form, which can cause brain dysfunction and inflammation. As of February 8, CDC confirmed 68 pediatric flu deaths, including 9 with IAE. More than half of the children with fatal IAE had no underlying …

Doxy PEP Demonstrates Real-World Effectiveness

A study of 2,083 patients found that doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxy PEP) was highly effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a real-world setting. Conducted from April 2019 to July 2024 at the Los Angeles LGBT Center, the study analyzed patient demographics, STI testing history, and doxy PEP use patterns. Nearly half of participants were aged 31–40, over half were White, and most (85.2%) were gay or bisexual men. Most were not diagnosed with …