Journal of Urgent Care Medicine

Vaccinate Mom During Pregnancy To Reduce The Risk Of Infant Influenza

A retrospective cohort study of 245,498 infants born within the Kaiser Permanente system in Northern California between 2011 and 2022 found that maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of infant influenza in the first 6 months of life, as published in Obstetrics & Gynecology. Overall, maternal vaccination was associated with a 44.4% reduction in influenza incidence among infants (95% confidence interval, 31.4–54.9%). Effectiveness varied by timing of the vaccine. Vaccination during the …

New Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For HIV Offers Twice-Yearly Dosing Regimen

The Food and Drug Administration last week approved lenacapavir, a twice-yearly injectable HIV-1 capsid inhibitor, as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg. The product is the first twice-a-year PrEP option available in the United States, according to a press release from manufacturer Gilead. It offers an advantage over daily oral PrEP because it requires less frequent dosing, which could lead to better adherence. Clinical trials published in The New …

Deadly Falls For Older Adults Increase Significantly

In 2023, the unintentional-fall death rate for U.S. adults aged 65 years and older was 69.9 per 100,000, with those over age 85 seeing the highest increases in fall mortality over the previous 10 years, according to new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). From 2003 to 2023, death rates for men 65 and older increased sharply from 14.3 per 100,000 population in 2003 to 24.7 in 2023, and the rate …

Compression Plus Ventilation CPR Is Best For Overdose Cardiac Arrest

In cases of cardiac arrest associated with an opioid overdose, outcomes may be improved if bystander CPR is administered that includes both mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing as well as chest compressions, according to a large cohort study of 10,923 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases in British Columbia. As published in JAMA Network Open, researchers investigated the impact of bystander CPR techniques on neurologic outcomes, including among opioid-associated OHCA (OA-OHCA) cases. Of the 1,343 OA-OHCA cases studied, …

Only A Quarter of Moms Say Their Mental Health Is Excellent

From 2016 to 2023, self-reported mental health among U.S. mothers declined substantially, with the percentage of moms reporting excellent mental health falling by more than 12 percentage points from 38% to approximately 26%. At the same time, those who self-reported fair/poor mental health increased by 3.5 points from 5.5% to 8.5%. The study was published in JAMA Internal Medicine and included more than 198,000 U.S. mothers with children aged 17 years and younger. Physical health …

Oseltamivir Reduces Influenza Mortality

For people with hospitalizations due to influenza, oseltamivir treatment was associated with a lower mortality risk, earlier discharge, and lower readmission rates in a large retrospective study published in JAMA Network Open. Researchers analyzed 11,073 hospitalized adults with seasonal influenza across 30 Canadian hospitals from 2015 through 2023 and found when oseltamivir treatment was initiated in the hospital on day 0 or day 1, patients experienced significantly improved outcomes compared to those who had supportive …

More Cannabis Use Equals More Negative Health Effects

Cannabis use among adults is rising, which emerging literature shows also causes added concern for negative health effects. This month in a health letter published in JAMA Internal Medicine, researchers found the prevalence of past-month cannabis use among older adults increased significantly from 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9%-5.9%) in 2021 to 7.0% (95% CI, 6.2%-8.0%) in 2023. The study included 15,689 adults aged 65 years or older. Additionally, a separate retrospective study involving 6 …

New RSV Vaccine Approved For Infants

The Food and Drug Administration this month approved a new vaccine for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease in newborns and infants, designed as preventive care for their first RSV season. The long-acting monoclonal antibody clesrovimab-cfor offers protection through 5 months with the same 105 mg dose regardless of weight, according to a press release from manufacturer Merck. Clinical data from multiple trials shows significant reductions in RSV incidence and …

GLP-1 Drugs Increase Risk of Macular Degeneration

A recent study in JAMA Network Ophthalmology found that older adults with diabetes who were treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) had a significantly higher risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The retrospective study, conducted from January 2020 to November 2023, followed patients for up to 3 years. It included individuals aged 66 years or older (46.6% female) who had a diagnosis of diabetes and at least 12 months of follow-up …

Should Diphenhydramine Revert to Prescription-Only Status?

A recent article in the World Allergy Organization Journal aims to discourage the use of prescription and over-the-counter diphenhydramine. Clinical teams from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, argue that the first-generation antihistamine has risks and should no longer be widely prescribed or made available over-the-counter. There are safer and more effective second-generation alternatives like cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine available that might be …

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